The Shoguns Japans Military Leaders

Shogun was the name given to the title for a military commander or general in ancient Japan, between the 8th and 12th centuries, leading vast armies.   The word  shogun comes from the Japanese words  sho, meaning commander, and gun, meaning  troops. In the 12th century, the shoguns seized power from the Emperors of Japan and became the de facto rulers of the country. This state of affairs would continue until 1868 when the Emperor once again became the leader of Japan. Origins of the Shoguns The word shogun was first used during the Heian Period from 794 to 1185. Military commanders at that time were called Sei-i Taishogun, which can be translated roughly as commander-in-chief of expeditions against the barbarians. The Japanese at this time was fighting to wrest land away from the Emishi people and from the Ainu, who were driven to the cold northern island of Hokkaido. The first Sei-i Taishogun was Otomo no Otomaro. The best known was Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, who subjugated the Emishi during the reign of Emperor Kanmu. Once the Emishi and the Ainu were defeated, the Heian court dropped the title. By the early 11th century, politics in Japan were getting complicated and violent once more. During the Genpei War  of 1180 to 1185, the Taira and Minamoto clans fought for control of the imperial court. These early daimyos established the Kamakura shogunate  from 1192 to 1333 and revived the title of Sei-i Taishogun. In 1192, Minamoto no Yoritomo gave himself that title and his descendant shoguns would rule Japan from their capital at Kamakura for nearly 150 years. Although emperors continued to exist and to hold theoretical and spiritual power over the realm, it was the shoguns who actually ruled.  The imperial family was reduced to a figurehead.  It is interesting to note that the barbarians being fought by the shogun at this point were other Yamato Japanese, rather than members of different ethnic groups. Later Shoguns In 1338, a new family proclaimed their rule as the  Ashikaga shogunate  and would maintain control from the Muromachi district of Kyoto, which also served as the capital of the imperial court. The Ashikaga lost their grip on power, however, and Japan descended into the violent and lawless era known as the Sengoku  or warring states period. Various daimyo competed to found the next shogunal dynasty. In the end, it was the Tokugawa clan under Tokugawa Ieyasu who prevailed in 1600. The Tokugawa shoguns would rule Japan until 1868 when the Meiji Restoration finally returned power to the Emperor once and for all.   This complex political structure, in which the Emperor was considered a god and the ultimate symbol of Japan yet had almost no real power, greatly confused foreign emissaries and agents in the 19th century. For example, when Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy came to Edo Bay in 1853  to force Japan to open her ports to American shipping, the letters he brought from the U.S. President were addressed to the Emperor. However, it was the shoguns court that read the letters, and it was the shogun who had to decide how to respond to these dangerous and pushy new neighbors. After a years deliberation, the Tokugawa government decided that it had no other option than to open the gates to the foreign devils. This was a fateful decision as it led to the downfall of the entire feudal Japanese political and social structures and spelled the end of the office of the shogun.

Marriage And Divorce Christianity And Islam - 1241 Words

Marriage and Divorce According to The First Letter of St. Paul to the Corinthians, marriage and divorce are two concepts of life that are sentimental to the entire nature and progress of human life. Whereas in The Koran, marriage is something that is done for the fulfillment of what God intended for man to do in the world. In both religions, which is Christianity and Islam, marriage is an acceptance that has to be done, but under a will from the humanity. Both Christianity and Islam practice marriage as an ordained activity that has to be done to mark human progression, which is followed by the continuation of human life in the world, supported by the God’s plan of creation in the world. Both Christianity and Muslim observe the legal†¦show more content†¦Divorce is a practice that is essential in the religions of Christianity and Islam. There is acceptance, although under certain specific conditions, for divorce to be engaged by the people according to the two religions. Nonetheless, divo rce is practiced in both Christianity and Islam, even with the strong teachings against it as showed by the First Letter to the Corinthians. According to Paul, there are aspects of human life that indicate that divorce is an acceptable activity, however, it is written â€Å"And to those who are married, I command; no, not I, but the Lord: that a wife should not separate from her husband; and if she does separate herself, she must remain single or else be reconciled with her husband; and a man should not divorce his wife.† (Lattimore 367) Christianity, according to the first letter of St. Paul to the Corinthians, has strong words of advice that come from accepting divorce. For instance, St. Paul is against divorce that happens under grounds that are uncertain and not within what has been written in the law. For example, any divorce that happens in a way that one of the members of the responsibility is trying to be against the laws of marriage. Paul himself says â€Å"If any b rother has a wife who is an unbeliever, and she consents to live with him, he should not divorce her; and a woman who has a husband who is an unbeliever and who consents to live with her should not divorce him. For the unbelieving husband is hallowed by his wife, and the

Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals

Question: Discuss about the Essay for Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals. Answer: Introduction: The overall essay mainly helps in depicting the overall ethical dilemma, which was faced by Wal-Mart during 2007. The essay effectively depicts the overall ethical dilemma decision-making framework, which could be effectively used in evaluating the saturation and provide relevant decisions. The essay provides the impact of framework, which might be used to make adequate decisions during a crisis. Lastly, the novice effectively recommends the actions, which might be taken in the particular situation. Discussion on Ethical dilemma conducted on Wal-Mart: Identifying the ethical parameters: The overall incident mainly took place during 2007, where one employee made a complaint about the wrongdoing conducted by one of the senior executives of Wal-Mart. The Employee Chalace Epley Lowry, age 50 and mother of two mainly identified the unethical measures taken by senior executive. In addition, the complaint mainly harmed the lively hood of Lowry as she was fired from the job for complaining against the reputed executive of the company. The Wal-Mart managers did not take the complaint of Lowry against the executive into consideration, which mainly poses the threat of ethical dilemma in the organisation. In addition, the executive was conducting insider trading, which is strictly prohibited by NYSE stock exchange and might affect companys reputations in exercising control. The main fact that is considered in the situation is the wrong decision conducted by the company to rusticate Lowry and protect senior executive. In addition, in making the wrong decision the company has made two essential unethical conducts in their vicinity. There is no incentive or overall bonus, which is promised from any of the person mentioned in the case[1]. Considering the approach: The overall situation mainly turned down for Lowry as the Wal-Mart without any notice disclosed her identity and increased the overall mental pressure in the work environment. As stated by Lowry she was one of the best employees in her previous job with a rating of 4.5 out of 5. However, after the disclosure of her name the Human resource department started to pinpoint different types of loopholes, which they found in her work. This continuous hammering increased Lowry mental pressure and forced her to look for a new job. William the executive charged for conducting unethical practise mainly influenced the action of HR department in Wal-Mart. This biased nature of eh HR department mainly decreased the overall satisfaction level of Lowry regarding the workplace. The HR department could effectively praise Lowry for her honest nature, as one of the major ethical policies of Wal-Mart is to maintain the required ethics in work environment. This praise could effectively nullify any type of mistreatment, which might be delivered from well wishers of William. Act: The decision regarding the overall matter could have been posted to higher authorities, which might be helpful in decreasing the harm conducted by news. In addition, the action that was mainly taken by HR department of Wal-Mart did not effectively support with the framework and depicted the use of unethical measures. Some researcher mainly mentioned that uses of ethical practises mainly help in improving the overall image of the organisation among customers[2]. Reflect: From the overall decisions that was conducted by the HR department of Wal-Mart was not ethical and it should have kept identify to Lowry from Williams. In addition, if ethical decision was conducted then the employees of Wal-Mart could have been motivated to identify any unethical measures taken in the organisation. In this context, some other researcher mainly depicted that companies uses unethical measures for inflating their balance sheet, which in turn increase their share price[3]. In addition, the HR department could have reported the matter to the upper management, which might have changed the overall outcome of the scenario. Conclusion and recommendation: The overall study mainly helps in evaluating the case of Wal-Mart with the perspective of ethical dilemma decision-making framework. In addition, the novice effectively provides relevant information regarding the case in the framework to effectively depict the changes in decisions, which might be conducted by the HR department of Wal-Mart. The overall changes in recommendations, which might be incurred by the implementation of the framework. In addition, the HR department of the company could not have disclosed the overall identity of Lowry in the media. Furthermore, the HR department could have taken appropriate suggestion from the top management to make adequate ethical decisions. In addition, after conducting the appropriate research only the HR department could have enforced the decision on both the employees regarding the ethical matter. Reference and Bibliography: de Lissovoy, Gregory, Peter J. Pronovost, and Ruth Faden. "Long-term Acute Care Hospitals: A Clinical, Economic, and Ethical Dilemma."Medical care51.1 (2013): 1-3. Hayden, ERIKA CHECK. "Ethical dilemma for Ebola trials."Nature515.7526 (2014): 177-8. Kirby, L. C., et al. "An ethical dilemma: malignant melanoma in a 51à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ old patient awaiting simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation for type 1 diabetes."British Journal of Dermatology175.1 (2016): 172-174. Manzar, Nabeel, et al. "The ethical dilemma of embryonic stem cell research."Science and engineering ethics19.1 (2013): 97-106. Natale, Samuel M., and Caroline Doran. "Marketization of education: An ethical dilemma."Journal of business ethics105.2 (2012): 187-196. Wal-Mart's Latest Ethics Controversy Bloomberg "Wal-Mart's Latest Ethics Controversy - Bloomberg".Bloomberg.com. N. p., 2016. Web. 8 Sept. 2016. [1] Kirby, L. C., et al. "An ethical dilemma: malignant melanoma in a 51à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ yearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ old patient awaiting simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation for type 1 diabetes."British Journal of Dermatology175.1 (2016): 172-174. [2] de Lissovoy, Gregory, Peter J. Pronovost, and Ruth Faden. "Long-term Acute Care Hospitals: A Clinical, Economic, and Ethical Dilemma."Medical care51.1 (2013): 1-3. [3] Hayden, ERIKA CHECK. "Ethical dilemma for Ebola trials."Nature515.7526 (2014): 177-8.